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Horky, D.: Ontogenic Development of the Ultrastructure of Bovine Joint Cartilage. Acta vet. Brno, 52, 1983: 1 03 ~ 130. The ultrastructure of chondrocytes and ground substance of the joint cartilage and the surface of this specialized tissue was studied using 4 bovine fetuses aged 246 and 271 days and 3 adults aged 3 to 5 years. Material for the light and electron microscopic study was collected from the carpal and hip joints. In both fetal and adult cartilage three layers were visible: the superficial, middle and deep layer. In the fetal cartilage, a transitional zone was found between the middle and deep layers. The ultrastructure of chondrocytes and arrangement of the ground substance differed between the layers. In the superficial layer, single chondrocytes were localized in parallel to the cartilage surface. Zonula nucleum limitans was well developed in cells of the fetal tissue. Among cytoplasmic inclusions, glycogen was found more frequently in the developing cartilage. A characteristic feature of adult cells cytoplasm was the presence of bundles of aperiodic filaments absent from the fetal chondrocytes. In the middle layer of adult cartilage, the chondrocytes were placed in well developed envelopes of the ground substance. In the fetal cartilage, however, these envelopes were only suggested. In the developing tissue cells glycogen amounts surpassed those found in adult chondrocytes. In fetal cartilage numerous fibrillar structures were found. In the deep layer of the adult cartilage, 2~3 chondrocytes were found in one envelope. The numbers and arrangement of organelles did not differ from that of the middle layer. Large amounts of glycogen inclusions were found. In the developing cartilage single cells in one envelope were found. In their cytoplasm granular endoplasmic reticulum was prominent and there were practically no inclusions and fibrillar structures present. The entire surface of adult joint cartilage was covered with a chondral membrane absent from the developing cartilage except for several small surface areas. Joint cartilage, chondrocytes, ground substance, cartilage surface. First data on the microscopic structure of human joint cartilage were published more than 100 years ago (Ecker 1843, see Sokoloff 1974), mostly in patho-histological papers in context with description of the so-called "fibrillation" of the cartilage. The chondrocytes were described as clusters of small cells. Later, vast amounts of papers have been published about this specialized structure. In majority of them descriptions have been presented of the histological structure of human joint cartilage in the course of various diseases. Only sporadic data, however, have been published on the microscopic structure of the joint cartilage in other mammalian species. In was not until the technique of tissue culture made it necessary to learn in detail about the joint cartilage structure of experimental mammals and metabolism of its cells (Fischer 1922; Strangeways and Fell 1928, see Sokoloff 1974). No major differences have been found in the microscopic structure and tissue cultures in man and experimental animals (for review see Freeman et aI. 1973). Substantial contributions to our knowledge have been achieved by authors studying the submi-