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Singh G., B. Singh, P. P. Gupta, D. S. Hothi: Epizootiological Observations on Malignant Catarrhal Fever and Transmission of the Disease in Buffalo Calves (Bubalus bubalis). Acta vet. Bmo, 48, 1979: 95-103. The epizootiology of malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) in buffaloes and cattle in India is reported. Successful experimental transmission from natural MCF cases to buffalo calves was made in two serial passages. Attempts to infect the rabbits and to isolate a viral agent in bovine thyroid and other tissue cultures failed. Blood, tissue cultures, postmortem examination, cattle, buffaloes, experimental trammission. Bovine malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) has been recognised in various parts of the world (Blood and Henderson 1974). In India, while describing the first authenticated report of MCF Parihar et al. (1975) indicated that the disease was recorded as early as 1941 on the basis of the course and postmortem lesions in cattle and goats (Annual Reports, Imperial Veterinary Research Institute, 1941-42, 42-46) and on the clinical evidence in a Jersey Sindhi cross bred bull by Gnanaprakasam (1969). This paper describes the epizootiology of the disease in India and experimental transmission of MCF to healthy buffalo calves from natural cases of MCF in buffaloes and cattle and limited attempts to isolate virus in rabbits and in various primary tissue cultures. Materials and Methods The material for experimental inoculation consisted of whole blood, prescapular lymph node, liver, kidneys, spleen, adrenals and thyroid tissues from natural cases of MCF in buffaloes and cattle with symptoms of "head and eye" form of the disease. The blood was collected in sodium citrate and was inoculated as such without delay whereas the tissues were cut into small pieces and ground in pestle and mortar and suspended in tenfold volume of phosphate buffered physiological saline containing 500 I. U./ml peniciIlin and 5 mg/ml streptomycin. The blood and tissue suspensions were inoculated into buffalo calves by different routes of inoculation following the dosage schedule as given in Table 1. The buffalo calves used in the experiment were in good health and were obtained from the viIlages free from the disease. Two uninfected buffalo calves were used as controls and were kept along with the infected group. All buffalo calves were observed daily and their rectal temperatures recorded twice a day. The inoculated buffalo calves which developed clinical signs and pathological lesions of MCF were used as a material donors for further passage work. The passages of the infective agent are tabulated (Table 1). The diagnosis of MCF in this study was based on gross and histopathological changes. Detailed postmorten examination of some of the natural cases and experimental cases when died or sacrificed was conducted. For microscopic examination, tissue pieces from various organs were collected in 10 per cent formalin and 5-6 microns thick paraffin sections were stained with haematoxylir and eosin.