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Smutn:i M., E. Petrovsky, J. Podany, A. Konecny, O.Synek: Variability of the Lipid Peroxidation Potential in the Erythrocytes of the Domestic Fowl. Acta vet. Brno, 47, 1978: 137-143. The present study deals with investigations of the lipid peroxidation of erythrocyte membranes of the domcstic fowl. When elaborating the optimal method, hydrogen peroxide was used as activator. Studies of the variability of the concentration of the lipid peroxidation potential showed that its variability was affected by several fac­ tors, such as age, sex, sexual maturity and nutrition. Before sexual maturity no significant differences were found between the fowls of both sexes. In the period of sexual maturity the hens had a higher concentration of malonyldialdehyde than cocks. In samples taken from birds bred and kept using standard mixtures accord­ ing to the Czechoslovak formula (KZK) the level of malonyldialdehyde was affected neither by age nor by sex. On the other hand, feeding a biologically better mixture (K) and a mixture with a high content of maize during the egg laying period led to the manifestation of statistically significant differences due to age and sex. Age, sex, chicken, nutrition. The basic building stones of biological membranes, the phospholipids, represent more than one half of the total lipids of membranes of erythrocytes. The main phospholipids of erythrocyte membranes arc phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidyletanolamine and sphingomeylin; to a smaller extent also phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserin, lysophosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidic acid. The lipid component of the membrane, especially the polyunsaturated fatty acids esterified in phospholipids, were found to respond very sensitively to the effect of chemical, physical and biological catalysts in that they changed their structure and properties. In this connection, great attention was devoted to the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in various biological sys­