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1 National Institute of Animal Health, 50/2 Moo 3 Pahonyothin. Bangkok, Thailand 2 Bureau of Dsease Control and Veterinary Services, DLD, 69/1, Payathai Rd., Thailand  Summary Qualitative risk assessment was carried out to evaluate the risk of introducing foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) by importation of cattle and buffaloes into Thailand via Mae Hong Son province. The assessment was based on animal movement data collected from Mae Hong Son Animal Quarantine Station (M A qualitative risk assessment was carried out to evaluate the risk of introducing HSAQS) in the year 2009, trader questionnaire, a three-day workshop between related government officers by KU-DLD-JICA in February 2010, expert opinion and available relevant published and unpublished information. To reliably assess the risks, six qualitative categories and three levels of uncertainty categories (EFSA, 2006) were utilized. The risk of FMD virus infection from imported cattle to the local ones is a function of two elements, the probability of entry, and the probability of exposure. The probability of entry is a chance to import FMD infected cattle into Thailand, which depends on the FMD incidence in the place or origin and the volume of live animal trade. Retrospective data from available sources and from MHS quarantine station were assessed to evaluate the probability of entry. Probability of entry in this study was rated "High". Probability of exposure is a chance that FMD virus spread from infected animals to local cattle, which depends on the potential of transmission to nearby farms and the potential for transmission to designation. The probability of exposure was evaluated from the chance of releasing animal in carrier stage, during incubation and involvement of wild animals. The probability of exposure was ranked as "Low". Combining these parameters, the probability of occurrence of the hazard, or the overall risk of introducing FMD virus into Thailand was evaluated as 'Low'. Due to the limitation of retrospective data, a qualitative risk assessment could not be performed, however, this investigation served as a useful initial approach, prior to undertaking a quantitative risk assessment. The methods and results are presented to serve as a basis for further discussion.

Qualitative Risk Assessment of the Introduction of Foot and Mouth Disease by the Importation of Cattle and Buffaloes into Thailand