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Peritoneal metastasis is the most common form of recurrence in gastric cancer, and is associated with a poor prognosis. It is clear that many agents are involved at the various stages of this process, however, many aspects of the progression remain unclear. In the present study we compared the gastric cancer cell line MKN-45 with the high-potential peritoneal dissemination gastric cancer cell line MKN-45P, established from MKN-45. The supernatant of culture medium of MKN-45 cells or MKN-45P cells was collected, and the concentrations of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), Transforming growth factor beta-β1 (TGF-β1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) proteins were measured using an enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) method. Invasion, wound healing and adhesion assays were performed in vitro to examine interstitial invasion, migration and adhesion in the gastric cancer cell lines. Moreover, Western blotting was performed to determine the expression of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and COX-2 proteins in the culture media of the cell lines. The concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, VEGF and MMP-2 protein in the culture supernatant of MKN-45P were significantly higher than those of MKN-45. Percent adhesion of MKN-45P was significantly higher than that of MKN-45 in the fibronectin-coated group. There was no significant difference in invasion or migration between MKN-45 and MKN-45P. COX-1 and COX-2 proteins were observed in both cell lines. These results suggested that secretion of IL-6, IL-8, VEGF and MMP-2 from cancer cells, and adhesion of cancer cells to fibronectin, were related to the establishment of peritoneal dissemination.

Comparison between the Gastric Cancer Cell Line MKN-45 and the High-Potential Peritoneal Dissemination Gastric Cancer Cell Line MKN-45P