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Changes in the aspects of primary infection of herpes simplex virus type 1 in the maxillofacial region have been observed due to the increase in the number of adult cases. To elucidate the possibility of serologic diagnosis in primary infectious patients and the influence of virucide on antibody production, we evaluated changes in serum antibodies (neutralizing antibody, IgM, and IgG antibody) in pair serum in 35 primary infectious patients using a micro-plate method and ELISA. At the first examination, 31 (89%) of 35 patients did not have neutralizing antibodies, and 23 of the 31 patients showed significant increases of neutralizing antibody titer more than four times at the second examination. Three of the 4 patients that had neutralizing antibodies showed significant increases at the second examination; therefore, 26 (74.3%) of the 35 patients could be diagnosed as having primary infection only by neutralizing antibodies. Regarding 9 patients who did not show significant increases in neutralizing antibodies, 5 of the 9 patients showed increases in IgG antibody titer more than two times at the second examination, and at the first examination, IgM antibody titer in 3 of the remaining 4 patients was more than 0.2 that is the cut-off value; therefore, it was possible to diagnose the 8 patients as having primary infection. We evaluated the influence of the use of virucide, gender, age, period between onset and the first examination, and period between onset and the second blood collection on antibody production; however, there were no differences observed except that significant increases in antibody were observed in 4 children aged below 10 years, although they used virucide. These results revealed that it was not possible to serologically diagnose whether there was primary or recurrent infection only by neutralizing antibody titer.

Profiles of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Antibodies in Primary Herpetic Infections of the Maxillofacial Regions.