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The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the site of a putative pacemaking oscillator for the regulation of circadian rhythms in mammals (Nishino et al. 1976; Rusak and Zucker, 1979; Turek, 1985; Mei jer and Rietveld, 1989). The SCN receives visual information from the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT) (Moore, 1973; Millhouse, 1977; Pickard, 1982) and indirectly via the retino-geniculo-supra chiasmatic pathway (RGSP) (Swanson et al. 1974; Pickard, 1985). Entrainment of the mammalian circadian system by light cycles and the phase shifting of responses of the system to short light pulses are mediated by these inputs to the SCN (Moore, 1973; Inouye and Kawamura, 1982). Extrace llular recordings of singleor multiple-unit activity have indicated that glutamate and/or aspartate mediate transmission in the retinal projection to the SCN (van den Pot and Tsujimoto, 1985; Liou et al. 1986; Shibata et al. 1986; Cahill and Menaker, 1987). In the present study, intracellular recordings were obtained from neurons of the SCN using a rat brain slice preparation, and the roles of amino acid receptors in excitatory postsynaptic potentials were examined. Brain slices containing the SCN were obtained from male Wistar-Kyoto rats weighing 200-300g. The rats were maintained in a temperature-controlled room (22-25•Ž) and exposed to a 14:10 h light dark cycle. The rats were sacrificed by decapitation, and their brains were rapidly removed and immersed for 8-10 sec in a cooled artificial cerebrospinal fluid (Krebs solution) (4-6•Ž) prebubbled with 95% 02-5% CO 2. Coronal hypothalamic slices (500 ƒÊm in thickness) containing the entire SCN and the optic chiasm were cut with a Vibroslice (Campden Instruments Ltd.). Slices were submerged in a recording chamber and superfused at 32-34•Ž with Krebs solution (pH 7.4) of the following composition (mM) : NaCl, 117; KCl, 4.7; CaCl2, 2.5; MgCl2,1.2; NaHCO3, 25; NaH2PO4, 1.2 and glucose, 11. Intracellular recordings of the membrane potential were made with glass microelectrodes filled with 4 M potassium citrate (100-140 Mƒ¶,) and were amplified with an Axoclamp 2A (Axon Instruments). A concentric bipolar electrode was used for stimulation (monophasic, 0.05-0.1 msec duration) of the optic chi-

Role of NMDA and Non-NMDA Receptors in Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials in Rat Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Neurons.