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The suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus are known to function as a center for the regulation of mammalian circadian rhythms (Inouye and Kawamura, 1979, 1982; Rusak and Zucker, 1979). Elimination of the circadian rhythms for drinking, activity, sleep and tempera ture was produced by ablation of the SCN in the brain (Richter, 1967; Moore and Eichler, 1972; Stephan and Nunez, 1977). Recently, Sawaki et al. (1984) have reported that SCN transplants into the third ventricle of rats after complete bilateral SCN lesions restored the normal circadian rhythmicity. However, little is known of the electrophysiological properties of single SCN neurons despite the functional im portance for the central control of circadian rhythms. The purpose of the present study was to examine the resting and active properties of SCN neurons in brain slices by using intracellular microelectrodes. Slices of rat brain containing the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) were obtained in a manner described by Stevens et al. (1984). Sprague-Dawley rats were sacrif iced by decapitation, their brains were rapidly removed and immersed for 8-10 sec in cooled artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) (4-6•Ž), prebubbled with 95% O2 and 5% CO2. Transverse slices (500ƒÊM in thickness) were cut with a vibrotome. The slices were mounted in a recording chamber and superf used at 32-33•Ž with an oxygenated (95% O2 and 5% CO2) ACSF (pH 7.2) of the following composition (mM):NaCI, 117; KCI, 4.7; CaC12, 2.5; MgCl2, 1.2; NaHCO3, 25; NaH2PO4, 1.2 and D-glucose, 11. Intracellular recordings of membrane potentials were made with microelectrodes filled with 4 M potassium acetate (70-150 M n) . Bipolar concentric electrodes were used for focal stimulation (monophasic, 0.05-0.2 msec duration) of the paraventricular nuclei. Intracellular recordings were obtained from 48 SCN neurons, having membrane

Electrical properties and activities of single neurons in rat suprachiasmatic nuclei.