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The fossilization of soft tissues is generally the replacement of organic structures by pseudomorphs in which muscle tissue is mostly replaced by minerals (i.e., phosphate, carbonate or pyrite). Micro-CT observations of decomposing crayfish in tank and distilled water, show a precipitation of crystal clusters over time. In addition, a mineralized muscle was found by SEM analyses. Raman spectroscopy (CRS) revealed that crystal clusters and the muscle consist of well-ordered calcite. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) of the distilled water showed a calcium content below the detection limit at the beginning of the experiments, which indicates that most of the calcium ions needed for the precipitation were provided by the decomposing carcasses themselves. Volume measurements of 3D-reconstructed calcite clusters and gastroliths showed a general increase of the volume of calcite clusters and simultaneously volume reduction of gastroliths with progressive decay. Specimens that were in the postmoult phase showed a smaller total volume of precipitated calcite, compared to specimens, which were in the intermoult or premoult phase. In addition, measurements of the total amount of body calcium of Cambarellus diminutus by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) revealed a higher amount of calcium in individuals without gastroliths than in individuals with gastroliths. It is assumed, that the higher the body size, the higher the volume of precipitated calcite, if the individuals were in the intermoult phase at the time of death. If the individuals were in the postmoult or premoult phase, the phase itself seems to be important. Bastian Mähler. Section: Palaeontology, Institute of Geosciences, Rheinische Friedrich-WilhelmsUniversität Bonn, Nussallee 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany. Corresponding author. bastian.maehler@unibonn.de Kathrin Janssen. Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Medical Faculty, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany. Kathrin.Janssen@ukbonn.de MÄHLER ET AL.: DECOMPOSING CRAYFISH 2 Martina Menneken. Section Geochemistry, Institute of Geosciences, Rheinische Friedrich-WilhelmsUniversität Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 169, 53115 Bonn, Germany. mmenneke@uni-bonn.de Mariam Tahoun. Pharmazeutisches Institut, Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany. mtahoun@uni-bonn.de Markus Lagos. Section Geochemistry, Institute of Geosciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 169, 53115 Bonn, Germany. mlagos@uni-bonn.de Gabriele Bierbaum. Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Medical Faculty, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany. g.bierbaum@uni-bonn.de Christa E. Müller. Pharmazeutisches Institut, Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany. orcid.org/0000-00020013-6624 christa.mueller@uni-bonn.de Jes Rust. Section: Palaeontology, Institute of Geosciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Nussallee 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany. jrust@uni-bonn.de

palaeontologia electronica

Calcite precipitation forms crystal clusters and muscle mineralization during the decomposition of Cambarellus diminutus (Decapoda: Cambaridae) in freshwater