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The Turtle Bluff Member (TBM) is the stratotype section for the earliest Uintan biochron, Ui1a, of the middle Eocene Uintan North American Land Mammal age. For more than a century, the TBM had yielded only a few fragmentary specimens. As the result of many years of field work, numerous mammal fossils have now been recovered and provide an unprecedented opportunity to better define this poorly known interval. This is the first in a series of papers that provide detailed descriptions and taxonomic revisions of the fauna of the TBM. Here we document the occurrence of the following taxa in the TBM: Uintasorex parvulus; Microsyops annectans; Notharctus robustior; Omomys carteri; Trogolemur myodes; Washakius insignis; Thisbemys corrugatus; Microparamys minutus; Microparamys sp.; Sciuravus nitidus; Tillomys senex; Tillomys? parvidens; Taxymys lucaris; Pauromys sp., cf. P. perditus; three informal sciuravid species (sp. A, B and C); cf. Pareumys sp.; Metanoiamys sp.; and Elymys? emryi new species. Except for the previously described Hemiacodon engardae, all of the primates from the TBM are holdover taxa from the earlier Bridgerian Land Mammal age, whereas the rodents exhibit a modest diversification during the earliest Uintan. Elymys? emryi and four additional informal rodent species (Microparamys sp., sciuravid sp. A, cf. Pareumys sp., and Metanoiamys sp.) make their appearances in the TBM and, as such, can be added to the list of index species characterizing biochron Ui1a. Thomas S. Kelly. Research Associate, Vertebrate Paleontology Department, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Blvd., Los Angeles, California 90007, USA, tom@tskelly.gardnerville.nv.us Paul C. Murphey. Research Associate, Department of Paleontology, San Diego Museum of Natural History, 1788 El Prado, San Diego, California 92101, USA, pmurphey@sdnhm.org

Mammals from the earliest Uintan (middle Eocene) Turtle Bluff Member, Bridger Formation, southwestern Wyoming, USA, Part 1: Primates and Rodentia