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The Second Creek Bed is a thin, yet widely traceable, conglomeratic stratum at the base of the Williamson Formation in west-central New York and southern Ontario. Correlation of this unit is problematic, and earlier biostratigraphic studies of conodonts and graptolites have yielded contradictory ages. To address these issues, bulk wholerock samples of the Second Creek Bed and underlying strata were collected from the type locality in west-central New York and processed for microfossil extraction. A sparse conodont assemblage, tentatively assigned to the Pterospathodus eopennatus Superzone, was recovered from the Wolcott Furnace Hematite, which directly underlies the Second Creek Bed at this locality. The remains of a diverse early to middle Telychian conodont fauna was extracted from the Second Creek Bed. This assemblage is assigned to the Pterospathodus amorphognathoides angulatus Zone although many older, reworked conodont elements are present as well. The findings are consistent with previous chronostratigraphic studies conducted to the west. Processed samples of the Second Creek Bed also yield small (500-1500 μm), pyritized internal molds of gastropods, bivalves, and tentaculitids in great abundance. We argue that these internal molds were produced during early diagenesis within anoxic mud substrates during the initial deposition of the bed and subsequently reworked and concentrated on the seafloor. However, the high concentration of pyrite and organic matter in this succession also suggests that anoxic, sulfidic conditions prevailed even as erosion was taking place. Therefore we propose that the Second Creek Bed was formed as a result of submarine erosion and reworking of remnant clasts in deep environments that were instigated by density currents, storm waves, and/or internal waves. Nicholas B. Sullivan. Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA. sullivnb@mail.uc.edu Mark A. Kleffner. Division of Geological Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University at Lima, Lima, Ohio 45804, USA. kleffner.1@osu.edu Carlton E. Brett. Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0013, USA. PE Article Number: 17.1.10A Copyright: Palaeontological Association February 2014 Submission: 22 March 2013. Acceptance: 5 February 2014 Sullivan, Nicholas B., Kleffner, Mark A., and Brett, Carlton E. 2014. Conodont biostratigraphy, paleoecology, and taphonomy of the Second Creek Bed and Wolcott Furnace Hematite (Clinton Group) in West Central New York State. Palaeontologia Electronica Vol. 17, Issue 1;10A; 19p; palaeo-electronica.org/content/2014/679-conodonts-in-second-creek-bed SULLIVAN, KLEFFNER, & BRETT: CONODONTS IN SECOND CREEK BED brettce@ucmail.uc.edu

A biomechanical analysis of the skull and adductor chamber muscles in the Late Cretaceous Plesiosaur Libonectes