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Thirteen species of insectivore mammals, among them the new taxon Sorex bifidus n. sp.and twelve others are described from one of the few middle Early Pleistocene localities of Poland, Żabia Cave. They are: Erinaceus sp. (Erinaceidae), Talpa minor and T. europaea (Talpidae), Paenelimnoecus pannonicus, Sorex minutus, S. runtonensis, S. (Drepanosorex) praearaneus, S. (D.) margaritodon, Asoriculus gibberodon, Neomys newtoni, Petenyia hungarica and Beremendoia fissidens (Soricidae). Measurements, systematic positions, palaeoecological requirements and illustrations are given. The four species of Sorex indicate a humide sylvan paleoenvironment. The abundance of moles is also connected with relatively humid conditions and more or less open areas with soft soils. On the other hand, S. runtonensis is probably an indicator of arid and relatively open biotope and the hedgehog, Erinaceus sp., of forest, shrubs and open areas. Neomys newtoni is connected with open water bodies. This shows a mosaic landscape – forest, open habitat patches and water bodies in the vicinity of the studied cave. The impoverishment of the shrew fauna of Europe during the Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene caused by the extinction of the Pliocene taxa and the appearance of more numerous species of the genus Sorex are presented.

Sorex bifidus n. sp. and the rich insectivore mammal fauna (Erinaceomorpha, Soricomorpha, Mammalia) from the Early Pleistocene of Żabia Cave in Poland