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This paper describes the first early Pleistocene freshwater fish assemblage from the Dacian Basin, Romania. The fossil sample, consisting mainly of isolated teeth, supports the presence of a rich and taxonomically diverse fish assemblage: 17 taxa were identified, belonging to 10 genera of the families Cyprinidae, Salmonidae, Siluridae, Esocidae, and Percidae. The ecological affinities of the identified taxa suggest the early Pleistocene fishes from Copăceni lived in a large lowland mesophitic river. The faunal composition is comparable to that of other southeast European assemblages, however, it includes more thermophilic taxa, suggesting the Dacian Basin represented an early Pleistocene refugium in a cooling post-Pliocene environment. The taxonomical composition of the fossil assemblage suggests a pre-Pleistocene dispersion of freshwater taxa took place in the areas surrounding the Euxinian Basin. Ştefan Vasile. University of Bucharest, Faculty of Geology and Geophysics, Research Centre for the Geology of Coal Deposits and Environment Protection, 1 Nicolae Bălcescu Ave., Bucharest 010041, Romania, yokozuna_uz@yahoo.com Oleksandr Kovalchuk. National Museum of Natural History of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Department of Paleontology, 15 Bohdan Khmelnytsky St., Kyiv 01030 Ukraine, biologiest@ukr.net Alexandru Petculescu. Romanian Academy, “Emil Racoviță” Institute of Speleology, 13-15 Calea 13 Septembrie, Bucharest 050711, Romania, alexpet@gmail.com and Romanian Institute of Science and Technology, 3 Virgil Fulicea st., Cluj-Napoca 400022, Romania. Márton Venczel. Țării Crișurilor Museum, 1/A Calea Armatei Române, Oradea 410087, Romania, mvenczel@gmail.com

Early Pleistocene freshwater fishes of Copăceni (Dacian Basin, southern Romania)