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Significantly , global warming which is caused by CO 2 emission and energy shortage are global problems resulting from artificial photosynthesis because it required many functions (light harvesting, Z water, and oxidation scheme). Therefore, photocatalytic systems development for CO 2 reduction is germane in this field. Metal complexes molecular catalyst have become prevalent homogeneous catalysts for carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) photocatalytic reduction since it was initially known as CO 2 reduction catalysts in the 70s and the 80s, while utmost part involved macrocyclic cobalt(II) and nickel(II) complexes. This review article presents a broad understanding on some active catalysts recently reported as a metal complex molecular catalytic schemes for CO 2 reduction, alongside catalytic activity, stability, selectivity under electro-reduction, and photoreduction circumstances. The progress of in situ spectroelectrochemical methods, typically supported via theoretical calculations, helped to access this know-how by providing information which enabled researchers to acquire more in-depth perception into unveiling the catalytic reaction and mechanisms intermediates.

A review on the state-of-the-art advances for CO2 electro-chemical reduction using metal complex molecular catalysts