Os impactos das mudanças climáticas sobre os recursos hídricos e a produção animal em regiões semiáridas (Impacts of climate change on water resources and animal production in semi-arid regions)

As zonas aridas e semiaridas em todo mundo tem expressivos rebanhos de grandes e pequenos ruminantes, que fazem parte de importantes sistemas de producao e da geracao de renda das populacoes. As mudancas climaticas estao atingindo a pecuaria destas regioes e, consequentemente, suas producoes estao sendo afetadas significativamente, por problemas de baixa oferta hidrica, queda na producao e disponibilidade de forragens, bem-estar animal, causadas por alteracoes da temperatura, radiacao solar, evapotranspiracao, baixa pluviosidade e umidade do solo. Este desafio esta posto e so podera ser superado com um esforco conjunto de varias instituicoes, envolvendo governos, organizacoes e instituicoes de pesquisas, que possam aportar recursos, conhecimentos, ferramentas e tecnologias capazes de proporcionar a sustentabilidade ambiental e economica da atividade pecuaria. Este artigo aborda alguns aspectos relacionados aos efeitos das mudancas climaticas sobre os recursos hidricos e as consequencias sobre a producao animal. Descreve algumas ferramentas de zoneamento bioclimatico e de monitoramento de risco pecuario, alem de trazer algumas possiveis alternativas de mitigacao aos efeitos das mudancas climaticas, particularmente, relacionadas a diminuicao da oferta hidrica para os sistemas de producao de ruminantes, no semiarido. Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";} Arid and semi-arid areas in the world has significant herds of large and small ruminants , which are part of major production systems and the generation of income populations. Climate change is affecting the livestock of these regions and, consequently, their productions are being significantly affected by low water supply problems, decrease in the production and availability of feed, animal welfare, caused by changes in temperature, solar radiation, evapotranspiration, low rainfall and soil moisture. This challenge is set and can only be overcome by a joint effort of various institutions, involving governments, organizations and research institutions that can provide resources, knowledge, tools and technologies that provide environmental and economic sustainability of the livestock activity. This article discusses some aspects related to the effects of climate change on water resources and the consequences on animal production. Describes some tools of zones bioclimatic and livestock risk monitoring, and bring some possible alternatives to mitigate the effects of climate change, particularly related to decreased water supply to the ruminant production systems in semi-arid. Keyworlds: water, increase temperature, animal welfare, ruminants, production system. Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}