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Dentre os diversos metodos indiretos para estimar as perdas de solo por erosao, a Equacao Universal de Perdas de Solo (EUPS) e a mais utilizada devido a sua robustez e por ser constituida de uma simples estrutura fatorial, que integra fatores naturais e antropicos atuantes na perda de solos. A erosao e um dos fenomenos mais danosos ao solo e as atividades humanas e por isso seu estudo e importante. Para o calculo das perdas de solo por meio da EUPS, a avaliacao da erosividade das chuvas (fator R) e essencial, pois estima o fenomeno produzido pelas chuvas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar tres metodologias disponiveis de obtencao da erosividade das chuvas para a regiao do semiarido pernambucano, avaliando sua influencia nos resultados da EUPS. Os tres modelos selecionados para estimar o Fator R foram desenvolvidos por Wischmeier e Smith (mais conhecido e utilizado), por Silva que estimou valores para diversas regioes do Pais e por Cantalice e outros que trabalharam especificamente para cada regiao climatica do estado de Pernambuco. Os resultados indicam que as metodologias de Wischmeier e Smith e Silva obtiveram resultados de erosividade da chuva semelhantes, tendo Silva alcancado valores maiores. Cantalice e outros obtiveram os resultados mais baixos. Os resultados da EUPS indicam que, quantitativamente, os diferentes fatores R geram grande diferenca nas perdas de solo, porem, qualitativamente chegam a resultados semelhantes na classificacao de areas de maior erosao, de acordo com a FAO. Logo, as tres metodologias sao viaveis na identificacao de areas prioritarias para a mitigacao da erosao. A B S T R A C T Among several indirect methods to estimate soil erosion loss, the Universal Soil Loss Equation (EUPS) is the most used due to its robustness and because it is constituted of a simple factorial structure that integrates natural and anthropic factors which act in the loss of soils. Erosion is one of the most damaging phenomena to the soil and the human activities, evidencing the importance of studying it. The evaluation of rainfall erosivity (R factor) is essential for the calculation of soil loss through the EUPS, since it is possible to estimate how significant rainfall is to the occurrence of this phenomenon. The objective of this work was to evaluate three methodologies to obtain the rainfall erosivity available for the semi - arid region of Pernambuco, evaluating its influence on the results of the EUPS. The three models used to estimate the R-factor were developed by Wischmeier and Smith, the best known and used model, Silva who estimated values for several regions of the country and Cantalice and others who worked specifically for each climatic region of the state of Pernambuco. As a result, very similar results of rainfall erosivity were obtained between Wischmeier and Smith´s and Silva´s methodology, with Silva reaching higher values of energy amplitude, while Cantalice and others obtained the lowest results. The results of EUPS indicate that, quantitatively, the different R factors generate a large difference in soil loss, but qualitatively they reach similar results in the classification of areas where erosion are greater, according to the FAO. Therefore, the three methodologies are feasible in the identification of priority areas for erosion mitigation. Keywords: soil, rainfall erosivity, USLE, GIS

revista brasileira de geografia física

Estimativa da erosividade da chuva por diferentes métodos e seu impacto na equação universal de perdas de solo, no semiárido pernambucano (Estimation of erosivity by different methods and their impact on the universal soil loss equation in Pernambuco semi-arid)