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Com a crescente demanda e consequente expansao da producao de etanol, e inquestionavel a necessidade de avaliar os impactos da producao de cana-de-acucar sobre a sociedade e o meio ambiente. O conceito de Landscape Design visa a analise sustentavel da paisagem levando em consideracao aspectos ambientais e socioeconomicos envolvidos na paisagem e sua influencia nesta; sao planos para alocacao de recursos que podem sugerir um caminho para a gestao sustentavel da producao do etanol. Neste trabalho foi aplicado uma metodologia de analise espacial utilizando Sistema de Informacoes Geograficas (SIG) e o metodo estatistico de Analise de Componentes Principais para dados Categoricos (ACPCAT) para verificar quais areas, dentro da bacia hidrografica do Rio Santo Anastacio, sofreriam com os impactos da mudanca de uso da terra causado pelo avanco da cana-de-acucar nesta regiao. A area total expandida (3.375,19 ha) foi menor que a area total regredida (3.821,22 ha), significando uma reducao de 1,69% da area plantada na regiao. Porem, quando analisadas separadamente as areas pouco e muito sensiveis, a regressao sobre a area muito sensivel foi de 864,44 ha. Ja nas areas pouco sensiveis ocorreu uma expansao da cultura de cana-de-acucar de 422,41 ha. Mesmo que a regressao seja maior que a expansao do cultivo de cana-de-acucar, ela ocorreu nas areas muito sensiveis, enquanto a maioria da expansao deu-se em areas pouco sensiveis. Os mapas finais baseados na ACPCAT e a discussao gerada a partir deles sao um ponto de partida para politicas publicas sustentaveis. A B S T R A C T With the increasing demand and consequent expansion of ethanol production, there is an unquestionable need to assess the sugarcane production impacts on society and the environment. The concept of Landscape Design aims at sustainable landscape analysis considering environmental and socioeconomic aspects involved in landscape and their influence on this; it is a plan to resource allocation that may suggest a path to sustainable management of ethanol production. In this article, it is applied a spatial analysis methodology using Geographic Information System (GIS) and the Categorical Principal Component Analysis (CATPCA) statistical method to check which areas, within the watershed of the Santo Anastacio river, suffer with the land use change impacts caused by the advance of sugarcane in this region. Total expanded area (3,374.19 ha) was smaller than the total area regressed (3,821.22 ha), meaning a reduction of 1.69% of the area planted with sugarcane in this area. However, when analyzed between low and very sensitive areas, the regression over the very sensitive area was 864.44 ha. In the less sensitive areas, there was an expansion of the sugarcane crop in 422.41 ha. Even though the regression is greater than the expansion of sugarcane cultivation, it occurred in very sensitive areas, while most of the expansion took place in less sensitive areas. The CATPCA-based final maps and the discussion generated from them are a starting point for sustainable public policies. Keywords: Landscape Design, Geographic Information System (GIS), Categorical Principal Component Analysis (CATPCA), Santo Anastacio River

revista brasileira de geografia física

Análise do uso e expansão da cana-de-açúcar na bacia hidrográfica do rio Santo Anastácio utilizando a abordagem de "Landscape Design" (Analysis of sugarcane use and expasion in Santo Anastácio river watershed using the Landscape Design Approach)