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A impossibilidade de eliminar riscos de acidentes envolvendo o derramamento de oleo, principalmente em zonas portuarias, ressalta a importância de estabelecer protocolos para uma rapida acao contra estes eventuais desastres. Neste estudo foram simulados seis cenarios de eventos de derrame de oleo com diferentes condicoes ambientais na regiao portuaria da cidade de Rio Grande – RS, modelados pelo sistema numerico Telemac-3D + ECOS. As simulacoes foram utilizadas para a identificacao das principais forcantes que controlam o movimento das manchas de oleo, como tambem, o seu destino final. O periodo da simulacao hidrodinâmica realizada foi de um ano, sendo este equivalente as medias diarias calculadas entre os anos de 2003 a 2015. Para as simulacoes dos derrames de oleo em eventos de vazante e enchente, pode ser observado que o deslocamento das manchas de oleo nos primeiros instantes tem como principal forcante as correntes e, apos algum tempo, a acao dos ventos, que causa o deslocamento das manchas para as margens do canal. Por fim, o modelo ECOS se mostrou eficaz na simulacao do deslocamento da mancha de oleo, ao fornecer os resultados de suscetibilidade ao toque do oleo na costa, nas areas de singularidade e riqueza ambientais, e nos segmentos onde ocorrem elevados Indices de Sensibilidade do Litoral. Sendo assim, os resultados do estudo tambem podem ser utilizados para subsidiar acoes em caso de acidentes que envolvam vazamentos de oleo na Lagoa dos Patos. A B S T R A C T Facing the impossibility to eradicate the hazards due to oil spills, mainly in harbor zones, it is crucial the establishment of action protocols against such eventual accidents. Therefore, the focus of this study is to understand the potential risks showed by model simulations evolving oil spills at the harbor region of Rio Grande - RS. Eight scenarios were simulated using the numerical modeling system Telemac-3D + ECOS under different environmental and oil spills conditions. The resulting simulations collaborated to the identification of the mainly forcing factors that control the oil slicks movement and it is final destination. The hydrodynamic simulation period was of one year, equivalent to the mean average computed between the years from 2003 of 2015. The oil spill simulations during ebb and flood regimes showed that the displacement of the oil slick, at first hours, has as mainly forcing the dominant current. And some time after, the wind makes the oil slick displacement move towards the sides of the channel. The results showed a range of possible negative direct and indirect environmental impacts in an oil slick scenario at the harbor of Rio Grande. Observing the coastal oil touch susceptibility results, areas of singular and rich ecosystems, as well as segments of high Coastal Sensitivity Indexes, the model ECOS proved effective in simulating the displacement of oil slicks. Such results could evenly support actions in cases of accidents involving oil slicks at the Patos lagoon. Keywords: Oil Spill, Telemac-3D, numerical simulation, environmental impacts, Patos Lagoon.

revista brasileira de geografia física

Estudo de Cenários de Vazamento de Óleo no Porto de Rio Grande - RS e seus Impactos Ambientais (Study of oil leakage scenarios in the Porto of Rio Grande - RS and its environmental impacts)