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Este trabalho investigou os efeitos da topografia e das praticas de uso e manejo do solo na variabilidade de alguns atributos do solo ao longo de tres topossequencias localizadas no planalto do Rio Grande do Sul. As topossequencias (Tps) estao inseridas em uma bacia hidrografica situada no municipio de Julio de Castilhos. Na Tp1 foram definidos quatro pontos de amostragem e na Tp2 e Tp3, cinco pontos. Em cada perfil foram coletadas amostras em 5 camadas de solo (0‒5, 5‒10, 10‒20, 20‒40 e 40‒60 cm). Em laboratorio foram determinados os atributos: densidade, argila, pH em agua, carbono (C) orgânico total, fosforo (P) total, P orgânico total, P disponivel, oxidos de ferro (Fe) e aluminio (Al) cristalinos e amorfos. Os resultados encontrados mostram que o movimento de sedimentos em superficie e atraves do perfil do solo e controlado pela posicao, forma e declividade da encosta e, pelas atividades antropicas como o uso e manejo do solo e aplicacao de fertilizantes. Considerando as classes de uso da terra, os maiores teores de C e P (total, orgânico e disponivel) foram obtidos na area umida, seguido da lavoura e campo nativo. Considerando a posicao na encosta os teores de C e P foram maiores na baixada seguido da base da encosta, topo e meia encosta. A condicao hidromorfica ao longo das topossequencias desempenhou um papel importante na disponibilidade de P, acumulo C orgânico total e solubilizacao dos oxidos de Fe e Al. A B ST R A C T This work investigated the effects of topography and land use and soil management practices on the variability of some soil properties along three toposequences located in the Rio Grande do Sul plateau, Southern Brazil. The toposequences (Tps) evaluated are from a watershed located in the municipality of Julio de Castilhos. Soil samples were taken in four points in Tp1 and in five points in Tp2 and Tp3. In each point samples were taken at five depths (0‒5, 5‒10, 10‒20, 20‒40, and 40‒60 cm). The soil properties evaluated were soil density, clay, pH in water, total organic carbon (C), total phosphorus (P), total organic P, available P, and amorphous and crystalline iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) oxides. Results show that the transport of sediments on the surface and through the soil profile is controlled by topographic position, landform, slope, and also by the anthropic activities such as the use and management of the soil and the application of fertilizers. Considering the classes of land use, the highest levels of C and P (total, organic and available) were obtained in the wetlands, followed by the crop fields and natural grasslands. Considering the topographic position, the contents of C and P were higher in the floodplain followed by the base of the slope, top and middle slope. Hydromorphic conditions along the toposequences played an important role in P availability, total organic C accumulation and solubilization of Fe and Al oxides. keywords: Land use, topographic position, soil profile, soil properties.

revista brasileira de geografia física

Variação de atributos do solo ao longo de três topossequências no planalto do Rio Grande do Sul (Variation of soil attribute along of three toposequence in the Rio Grande do Sul plateau)