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Successful and sustainable aquaculture is the need of time and it depends upon the provision of nutritionally adequate, environment friendly and economic viable artificial feeds. Fish meal has traditionally been used as a major protein source because of its high protein content and palatability. However, the increasing cost and unpredictable availability of fishmeal necessitates the search on its replacement with cheap and abundantly available plant protein feed stuffs. Soybean among plant protein has received maximum appreciation as alternative protein sources for fishmeal in aquafeed because of its consistent nutritional composition, comparatively balanced amino acid profile, availability, and reasonable price (Dabrowski and Kozak, 1979; Viola et al., 1983; Shiau et al., 1987 and Davies et al., 1989). Due to wide availability and consistent quality, soybean (Glycine max) derived products are being extensively used in fish feeds in recent years to partially replace the fish meal component (Azarm and Lee, 2012; Yong et al., 2013; Priyadarshini et al., 2015) which results in reduced feed cost. However, it contains endogenous anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) which accentuate digestive losses. These ANFs are inactivated by heat treatment, which allows dietary level at which such protein sources can be utilized by fish (Huisman and van der Poel, 1991; Tacon, 1993; Garg et al., 2002; Singh et al., 2003). Since soybean is considered to be deficient in lysine (Kaushik and Dabrowski, 1983), making it less available to fish, the diets needs a mineral premix (Kalla et al., 2001). Allan and Rowland (1994) and Singh et al. (2003) have also reported high apparent digestibility coefficients for a number of plant products in omnivorous silver perch and C. mrigala, respectively. As fishes are ammonotelic in nature, if fishmeal is provided to fish for increasing protein content in flesh, the nitrogen and phosphorus excretion in the holding water increases that pollute the water quality standards and that may lead to adverse effect on growth of fish. The potential for increased use of soybean meal in aquaculture diets is substantial due to its nutritional value and cost effectiveness as compared to other feed stuffs. Increasing the availability of nutrients from soybean meal could possibly enhance the aquaculture production rate. Ammonia and phosphate production in the holding water was greater in diets with ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE

archives of agriculture and environmental science

Intestinal Enzyme Activities, Carcass Biochemical Composition and Growth Performance Evaluation of Cirrhinus Mrigala Fed on Heat Processed Soybean (Glycine max) Supplemented Diets