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Authors declare no conflict of interest Wheat is the main source of carbohydrate for humanity, being the second most-produced cereal in the world. Brazil is not self-sufficient in this crop, and the Country needs to import wheat to supply the national demand. The objective of this study was to analyze the performance of agronomic traits in wheat segregating populations in the F2 generation, and to estimate the genetic distance between the parents and the segregating populations. The populations 1 (Abalone x Fundacep Nova Era), 2 (Ônix x Fundacep Raízes), 3 (CD 104 x Fundacep Cristalino), 4 (Fundacep Cristalino x Fundacep Nova Era) and 5 (CD 104 x Fundacep Raízes) and parents (Abalone, CD 104, Fundacep Cristalino, Fundacep Nova Era, Ônix and Fundacep Raízes) were used. The traits Days from Emergency to flowering (DEF), plant height (PH), number of fertile tillers per plant (NFT), ear length (EL), ear mass (EM), number of grains per ear (NGE), grain mass per ear (GME), grain yield per plant (GYP) and ear harvest index (EHI) were measured. The population 5 showed the greatest stature and population 4 showed less variability for the trait. All populations showed averages of NFT and GYP higher than the parents, indicating the presence of transgressive segregants, or presence of dominance in these traits. The grain mass per ear is the trait that contributes most to the distance between the genotypes. There was the formation of four groups by Tocher’s grouping method and the population 3 is the most different to the parents, when considering all traits.

Dynamic characters involved in grain yield and variability of wheat segregating populations