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O artigo analisou as mudancas no uso do solo na Regiao de Caxias, Leste do Maranhao, Nordeste do Brasil, entre os anos de 1985 e 2018. Essa delimitacao encontra-se no MATOPIBA (Maranhao, Tocantins, Piaui e Bahia), parte do Cerrado. Para tanto, utilizou o mosaico de imagens do Mapbioma para detectar a localizacao das florestas e campos agricolas e dos dados agropecuarios fornecidos pelo IBGE. Alem disso, empregou-se as informacoes obtidas por meio de entrevistas e questionarios aplicados aos produtores de soja da regiao e stakeholders dessa cadeia como forma de obter informacoes empiricas adicionais. Enumerou-se as seguintes categorias para analisar as motivacoes que acarretaram as mudancas do uso do solo na regiao: (1) melhorias na infraestrutura, (2) disponibilidade de solos para a agricultura, (3) entrada de companhias globais do agronegocio no Brasil, e (4) quantidade significativa de pequenos produtores rurais. Apesar do aumento da sojicultura no Leste do Maranhao, impulsionada pelos investimentos em infraestrutura e TI, a pastagem, usado para a alimentacao do gado, foi o principal responsavel pelas mudancas no uso do solo na regiao. Dentre as principais dificuldade enfrentadas pelos sojicultores, a demora em obter licencas ambientais e a de adquirir tecnologia para a producao agricola em larga escala sao os principais obstaculos. Dessa forma, o grande desafio do Leste do Maranhao e garantir a protecao dos seus recursos naturais sem comprometer a agricultura familiar, a pecuaria bovina e a producao de soja. Abstract This paper analyzed the reasons for land use changes in Caxias, East Maranhao, in the Northeast region of Brazil, between 1985 and 2018. The analyzed region is located in MATOPIBA, which includes the states of Maranhao, Tocantins, Piaui and Bahia, part of the Cerrado and also known as the last agricultural frontier. Remote sensing using MapBioma to detect the location of forest lands and farming fields was applied combined with IBGE database about the agricultural production. Additionally, the application of questionnaires and interviews with regional soybean farmers and stakeholders was used to obtain additional empirical information. The following four categories probably responsible for those land use changes were analyzed: (1) infrastructure/investments in facilities, (2) environment/availability of natural cover for agriculture, (3) economy/entrance of global agribusiness companies; and (4) demography/number of smallholder´s properties. Even though soy production has increased significantly in Maranhao, due to large investments in infrastructure and IT, the main responsible for deforestation and changes in land cover in the Caxias region has been pasture and cattle breeding. Tight environmental procedures and strong difficulties to acquire large areas of suitable land for high-tech commodity production have been the main obstacles for more significant advances of soybean production in Caxias. Thus, protection of forests, multitask agricultural activities, sustainable cattle breeding and soy production as part of a global supply chain should be harmonized in order to guarantee well-balanced co-existing and development.

Farming and land use changes in Cerrado biome: the case of East Maranhão – Brazil (1985/2018)