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The purpose of the study was to analyze the available data about the role of the microbial factor in the development and course of chronic periodontitis at the present stage on the basis of available domestic and foreign specialized literature, to identify unsolved problems and outline directions for further research. Materials and methods. The special literature is analyzed: periodicals for the last 10 years, basic manuals and monographs. We used descriptive method. Results and discussion. A large number of works are devoted to the analysis of the composition and properties of bacterial biofilm of the oral cavity using microscopic, bacteriological and molecular research methods used to assess microbial risk factors for periodontal diseases. At the same time, satisfactory results of conservative treatment of this pathology vary from 61.1% to 93.9%. The situation is aggravated by the fact that apical periodontitis, cystogranulomas and radicular cysts in 65.0% are the cause of severe complications that threaten death. Even outside of exacerbation, the presence of foci of focal infection is accompanied by sensitization of the patient's body and contribute to its generalization. The accumulated experience of research on the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal diseases over the past decades indicates that the leading role in the formation and development of the inflammatory process of this localization belongs to obligate-anaerobic and microaerophilic facultative-anaerobic microflora. Despite a significant number of studies devoted to this issue, the problem of the effectiveness of endodontic treatment nowadays is far from its final solution, which convinces of the relevance of the research undertaken and its expediency. Conclusion. The results of the analysis of special literature allow us to conclude that the development of new rational complex methods of treatment based on an in-depth analysis of morphological, microbiological, immunological, biochemical, clinical and somatic components is based not only on the need to create effective methods of treatment of chronic periodontitis and the justification of their differentiated use, but also on the need for preventive measures aimed at preventing the development of severe complications of acute odontogenic infection and its generalization. The development of new effective and rational methods for the treatment of chronic periodontitis based on their differentiated use will reduce the number of cases of acute odontogenic infection and its severe complications, which will positively affect the quality of life of patients, increase the rates of specialized medical care and will have a certain socio-economic significance

Microbial Factor, Its Role in the Development and Course of Chronic Periodontitis, Current Research Direction (Literature Review)