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Culinary herbs were known and applied from ancient times in food production and for culinary purposes, as flavor enhancers and food preservation, because of the bioactive substances with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Therefore, they can successfully use as sources of natural antioxidants that improve consumer health and the nutritional value of foodstuffs. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the fructan content and antioxidant activity in leaves of four culinary herbs: tarragon (Artemisia dracunculos L.), chives (Allium schoenoprasum L.), wild garlic or ramson (Allium ursinum L.) and samardala (Nectaroscordum siculum Lindl.) used in Bulgarian traditional cuisine. The content of total chlorophylls, total carotenoids, phenols, derivatives of caffeic acids (DCA), flavonoids and fructans in culinary herb extracts were analysed. The antioxidant activity of the water extracts was evaluated by two reliable methods (DPPH and FRAP). It was found that chives dry leaves contained the highest total chlorophylls (2255 μg/g dw). Total carotenoids and DCA were detected only in tarragon leaves, where, in addition, the total phenol content was the highest (25 mg GAE/g dw). It possessed the highest antioxidant potential probably due to the high polyphenolic content. However, the leaves of samardala showed the highest total flavonoids content (7.87 mg QE/ g dw), while chives possessed the highest total fructans (5.66 g/100 g dw). This is the first report that evaluated chives, wild garlic and tarragon leaves as natural sources of prebiotics from fructan family, especially 1-kestose found in them. The current study demonstrated the antioxidant potential and prebiotics content in four culinary herbs used as spices in nutritional habitats of Bulgarian consumers.

Fructans and antioxidants in leaves of culinary herbs from Asteraceae and Amaryllidaceae families