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Dietary sources of fructose are not only honey, fruit, sucrose, but also high fructose corn syrup in various foods and beverages. Total amount of daily fructose intake is rising by especially increasing use of high fructose corn syrup in the food industry. Fructose can lead to obesity by contributing to high-energy intake and lipogenesis in the body. Depending on the source of fructose, dose and duration, it was involved in de-novo lipid synthesis. Fructose may increase the risk of insulin resistance, non-alcoholic fatty liver and kidney diseases by affecting blood glucose and insulin levels. On the other hand, fructose may initiate inflammatory processes in the organism. In addition to these, fat or salt consisting typical western type diet with high fructose consumption, can increase the potential effect of fructose on chronic diseases. As a result, although it is not fully supported by clinical studies, it is thought that high amounts of fructose intake may increase the risk of chronic disease shown by experimental studies. Also it should be noted that beside high fructose, typical western-style high-fat and high-salt diet may increase the risk of chronic diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases and worsen metabolic syndrome parameters. Furthermore, synthetic fructose, is able to cause some adverse metabolic effects when taken in large amounts; consumption of high amounts of fructose by fruit or honey these negative effects can be either not seen or less observed based on the amount.

Is There an Effect of Dietary Fructose on Development and Prognosis of Chronic Diseases?