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Avrupa Insan Haklari Mahkemesinin non bis in idem ilkesi baglaminda idem kavraminin yorumlanmasinda temel olarak uc yaklasimi bulunmaktadir. Bunlar “ayni davranis testi”, “esasli unsurlar testi” ve “ayni hareket testi”dir. Bu uc yorum da elestiriye son derece aciktir. Bu baglamda maddi ceza hukuku ve ceza muhakemesi hukuklarinin uygulanmasinda fiil kavraminin bu iki hukuk bakimindan birbirinden ayrilmasi gereklidir. Neyin idem kavramini olusturduguna karar vermek icin muhakemesel fiil kavrami goz onunde bulundurulmalidir. Ayrica idem kavraminin somut ve tutarli uygulanmasi idem ve ayni idem kavramlarinin farklilastirilmasi yoluyla saglanacaktir.

How to Understand non bis in idem?: The Element of idem According to the ECtHR