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1 Glossary  2 Introduction 3 Scope of research  5 Instrumentation and data collection  6 Results  9 Underground coal10 Worker dose 11 Task observations11 Equipment noise12 Surface coal15 Worker dose 16 Task observations17 Dragline noise 19 Coal preparation plants 24 Worker dose 24 Task observations26 Area sound levels26 Implications for exposure reduction 29 Summary 30 Acknowledgments31 References 31 Appendix A.—Cumulative dose plots: underground coal 33 Appendix B.—Equipment noise profiles: underground coal39 Appendix C.—Cumulative dose plots: surface coal 49 Appendix D.—Equipment noise profiles: surface coal 55 Appendix E.—Cumulative dose plots: coal preparation plants 62 Appendix F.—Area noise profiles: coal preparation plants66 ILLUSTRATIONS 1. Hearing loss as a function of miners’ age 4 2. Hearing impairment in coal miners, metal/nonmetal miners, and nonoccupationally exposed males  4 3. Locations of noise surveys 6 4. Quest Q–400 dosimeter and microphone placement  8 5. Paper method of task observation  8 6. Task observation using a PDA 8 7. Mounted Quest 2900 SLM and Brüel & Kjær 2260 Investigator 9 8. Cumulative dose plot for roof bolter operator, with task observations13 9. Sound profile plot of sound levels for a longwall shearer 14 10. Sound profile of sound levels around a dual-boom roof bolter 14 11. Leq(A) sound levels around a Schroeder model 271 auxiliary fan 15 ILLUSTRATIONS–Continued

Equipment noise and worker exposure in the coal mining industry.