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Controlled composition can be an important and useful method for Japanese EFL learners preparing to study Japanese-to-English translation and paragraph writing. This paper focuses on reordering questions, one traditional type of controlled composition. It compares intermediate-level learners’ English sentences in reordering questions with their counterparts in translation questions in the same Japanese sentences, and considers what reordering questions should be like and what intermediate-level learners should study in their composition classes. The results show that students are likely to make significantly more errors related to verbs, prepositions, articles, and pronouns in the translation questions than in the reordering questions. In conclusion, English classes for intermediate-level learners in Japan should make better use of reordering exercises as well as Japanese-to-English translation and paragraph writing by giving more explicit instruction designed to make learners more conscious of the uses of the word classes whose errors are likely to occur more frequently when learners both translate and deal with reordering questions.

A Note on Controlled Composition in Japanese EFL Classes for Intermediate Learners: With a Focus on Reordering Questions