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A key physical parameter determining stationary directions of a magnetic moment of a single-domain ferromagnetic nanoparticle is a type of its effective magnetic anisotropy. Stationary directions of a magnetic moment of a particle change under an influence of an external magnetic field. For better understanding of a behavior of a magnetic moment of a nanoparticle in an external magnetic field, we proposed a simple method for visualization of an energy density of magnetic anisotropy of a single-domain magnetic nanoparticle. In a spherical coordinate system, an energy density of magnetic anisotropy is represented as a certain surface, which makes it possible to clearly demonstrate the presence of energy minima that determine the equilibrium directions of a single vector of magnetization of a nanoparticle in space. The cases of uniaxial, cubic, and combined magnetic anisotropy are considered in detail. The change in the total energy of a magnetic nanoparticle under the influence of an external uniform magnetic field is demonstrated.

A shape visualization of a magnetic anisotropy energy density of single-domain magnetic nanoparticles