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The objectives were to determine the expression frequency and sexual dimorphism of 16 nonmetric crown traits on the permanent dentitions of the living Jordanians, and to assess the biological affinity of this sample to 21 high-order groups based on these traits. 360 Jordanian school children (176 males, 184 females; mean ages 15.5, sd = 0.4 years) were studied in 2009. The traits were classified using the Arizona State University dental anthropology system, counted with the individual count method, and dichotomized according to Scott and Turner criteria for the purpose of group comparisons. Z-value test was used to assess sexual dimorphism in these traits. Smith’s Mean Measure of Divergence was used to measure all pairwise distance values among the groups. Sexual dimorphism was found in only three traits (i.e., Carabelli’s tubercle/ cusp, metaconule and hypoconulid absence). This study revealed that the dental pattern of living Jordanians is sufficiently distinct from the Caucasoid pattern and all other known dental patterns to warrant a unique dental pattern for this population. Moreover, the relatively large distance values between the living Jordanians and all other world groups considered including the Western Eurasian groups suggest a major genetic drift for this population from the Caucasoid race. Dental Anthroology 2011;24:23-30. in the frequencies of dental morphological traits have been shown to be powerful in assessing biological affinity between population groups, since these traits have a strong heritable component (Scott and Turner, 1997). In general, small inter-group distances indicate that these groups are biologically similar and have a recent common ancestor, while large values are associated with biological dissimilarity and remote common ancestry (Scott and Turner, 1997). However, significant admixture (gene flow) between groups leads to convergence which can change the original biological distance between these groups (Scott and Turner, 1997). The dental pattern of living Jordanian Arabs has not been comprehensively studied before, and the biological affinity of this population for other geographic races has not been assessed. Sexual dimorphism for dental morphological traits has been investigated by many workers, and the reported results are not always consistent and appear to show geographic variation among various world groups. An exception of this is the distal accessory ridge

The Phenetic Distances of Jordanian Arabs from Other Human Populations Suggest a Major Genetic Drift from the Caucasoid Race