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Supernumerary teeth are those that are additional to the normal complement (Schulze, 1987). They may occur in any region of the dental arch with a particular predilection for the premaxilla (Primosch, 1981; Nasif et al., 1983). This location is followed in decreasing order of frequency by fourth molars or upper distal molars, maxillary paramolars and by lower premolars, upper lateral incisors, lower fourth molars, and lower central incisors. Upper premolars are exceptional, as are upper and lower canines and lower lateral incisors (Gay et al., 1999). Supernumerary teeth have been reported in both the primary and the permanent dentitions. Cases involving one or two supernumerary teeth most commonly involve the anterior maxilla (Stafne, 1932), followed by the mandibular premolar region (Nasif et al., 1983; Stafne, 1932). The etiology of supernumerary teeth is still not clearly understood, but several theories have been suggested for their occurrence (Rajab and Hamdan, 2002). For developmental biologists, the phenomenon of supernumerary teeth raises interesting questions about the development and fate of the dental lamina. Also, the supernumerary teeth inspire questions about the actions and interactions of transcription factors and growth factors that coordinate morphogenesis, cell survival and programmed cell death. For clinicians faced with treating the dental complications that arise from the presence of supernumerary teeth, knowledge about the ABSTRACT Supernumerary teeth are those that are additional to the normal complement. They may occur in any region of the dental arch and have been reported in both the primary and the permanent dentitions. The etiology of supernumerary teeth is still not clearly understood, but several theories have been suggested for their occurrence. The investigated material were the remains from the Bácsalmás-Óalmás burial site (from the 16th-17th centuries), where 472 skeletons were excavated from 1993 to 2003. For the purpose of this study, the dentitions of 164 adult individuals were examined. The examination was carried out using macromorphological methods, radiographic analysis and a dial caliper were applied. This paper describes a supernumerary tooth of an adult female skeleton. On the labial surface of the first mandibular premolar an extra tooth was observed. Radiographic examination of the fused teeth indicated that the crown of the premolar had fused incompletely with the crown of the extra tooth. The position of the extra tooth could have been the result of gemination of the tooth germ or the elaboration of the buccal cingulum. The cranium of the examined individual showed some mongoloid morphologic features, too. Our presumption about the formation of the supernumerary tooth may have contributed to the theories of the occurrence of supernumeraries. The sporadic occurrence of this anomaly was reported in recent and archaeological skeletal collections. This study showed that multiple permanent dental formation was present in past Hungarian populations, representing a contribution to the history of dental anomalies. Dental Anthropology 2009;22(1):19-22. Joined supernumerary mandibular teeth in the premolar region: Report of a Hungarian archeological case