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Double teeth, that is, two conjoined teeth, are considered a clinical manifestation of two developmental anomalies taking place during the bud stage of tooth formation: gemination and fusion. Gemination is the attempt of division of a single tooth germ whereas fusion, the joining together of two dental germs (Alpoz et al., 2003; Gurri and Balam, 2006; Tomizawa et al., 2002). There is a general agreement that it is sometimes difficult to separate these two events, due to the possibility of synchronous anomalies (Neves et al., 2002). Thus, some authors argue that these two developmental events should not be separated while others propose that some diagnostic criteria be used, such as counting the teeth in the affected arch (Gurri and Balam, 2006) and radiological analysis (Neves et al., 2002; Santos et al., 2003; Schuurs and van Loveren, 2002). Fusion, for instant, will diminish the number of teeth, whereas gemination will not (Gurri and Balam, 2006; Neves et al., 2002; Tomizawa et al., 2002). According to the clinical literature, the most commonly involved double teeth are central and lateral incisors, followed by lateral incisors and canines (Gurri and Galam, 2006; Neves et al., 2002; Santos et al., 2003; Schuurs and van Loveren, 2000; Tomizawa et al., 2002). Double teeth are more common in the primary dentition, ranging from 0.4% to 0.9% in the mandible and are predominantly unilateral (Schuurs and van Loveren, 2002). The majority of reports conclude that there is no sex preference for this anomaly (Santos et al., 2003; Schuurs and van Loveren, 2000). A family tendency has been suggested (Santos et al. 2003). Rarely, fusion in three elements is reported (Erdem et al., 2001; Mochizuki et al., 1999). This paper reports an archeological case of double teeth, probably due to a unilateral fusion of two lower deciduous teeth, a lateral incisor and a canine. Unilateral Fusion of Two Primary Mandibular Teeth: Report of a Portuguese Archeological Case