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Described are observations on Batak foods, tooth use, oral hygiene, and resulting wear and oral pathology in dental casts of 29 Batak ranging from 15 to 49 years of age. Commonly consumed foods are roughly 80 percent plant, and 20 percent animal products. Cooking is common. Eating includes one or two main daily meals with occasional snacking. Cariogenic commerciallymanufactured flour and sugar are rarely available. Oral hygiene involves “finger-brushing” of anterior teeth with fine sand. The practice is more common in females than in males. Caries are rare in both sexes as is antemortem tooth loss. Tooth chipping is more common in males. Periodontal disease is generally slight and nearly equal in the sexes. Tooth wear is relatively slight but strongly age-related as in many other populations. Dental Anthropology 2006;19(1):15-22. involved in food-preparation. Such artifacts include grinding stones, cooking vessels, butchered bones, and similar materials. Rarely, human coprolites are recovered in archaeological excavations. These metabolic residues are inherently rich in dietary information. While the strength of bioarchaeological inference about diet and tooth-use behavior can be quite substantial, it is always desirable to have actual observations when dealing with uniformitarian cause and effect relationships, which in this case are diet, tooth use, and oral health. Hence, this brief report identifies some of the foods and toothuse behaviors of the Batak observed by ethnologist and co-author JFE, and the resultant effects on the dentition identified by bioarchaeologist CGT. Information concerning the origin and affinity of the Batak based on the dental morphology of the sample described herein can be found in Turner and Eder (2005). We hope this note will stimulate further dental anthropological study in the few remaining hunter-gatherer groups around the world. The Batak are one of approximately twenty ethnolinguistically-distinct groups of so-called “Negrito” peoples inhabiting various hinterland regions of the Philippines. Like other Filipinos, they today speak languages of the Austronesian language family, *Correspondence to: Christy G. Turner II. School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-2404 E-mail: chrstygturner@aol.com

Dental Pathology, Wear, and Diet in a Hunting and Gathering Forest-Dwelling Group: The Batak People of Palawan Island, The Philippines