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A mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) e considerada uma especie relevante como fonte alimenticia para a populacao mundial, principalmente para os paises subdesenvolvidos e emergentes. A mandioca e fornecedora de energia a partir do amido acumulado em suas raizes de reserva, mas e tambem importante destacar a presenca dos carotenoides com atividade antioxidante. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar, por meio de descritores morfologicos, agronomicos e bioquimicos, clones elite de mandioca de mesa de polpa aparelhada e rosada do programa de melhoramento genetico de mandioca da Embrapa Cerrados. Foram caracterizados durante duas safras, 13 clones de mandioca de mesa com polpa amarelada e 8 clones com polpa rosada, em comparacao com a variedade testemunha IAC 576-70 (BGMC 753). Para avaliar as caracteristicas morfologicas foram obtidos 40 descritores qualitativos para cada clone. Tanto nos clones de polpas amarelada quanto naqueles de raizes de polpas rosada, houve diferencas morfologicas, demostrando que nenhum clone apresentou 100% de similaridade. O fator ano/safra nao influenciou a expressao fenotipica dos caracteres aferidos. Com base no coeficiente cofenetico, verificou-se elevado ajuste entre a representacao grafica via dendrograma de r = 0,80 nas raizes de polpa amarelada e r = 0,92 na rosada e a matriz de dissimilaridade genetica. Entre os caracteres aferidos, os que apresentaram maior entropia nas raizes amarelada foram, a coloracao da epiderme externa, forma do lobulo central da folha e cor do cortex da raiz, ao passo que na rosada foi a cor do disco, forma do lobulo central e cor do peciolo. Foi realizada tambem a caracterizacao com base na altura da planta, altura da primeira ramificacao, peso da parte aerea sem a cepa, produtividade em raizes, indices de amido nas raizes determinados por meio do metodo da balanca hidrostatica, tempo para a coccao e teor de acido cianidrico nas raizes. Com base nos caracteres avaliados, os clones que se destacaram com polpa amarelada e rosada respectivamente, no caractere altura da primeira ramificacao (273/08 e 259/08) e (390/08, 345/08 e a testemunha IAC 576-70), altura da planta (90/08, 272/08, 273/08, 497/08, 259/08 e 450/08) e (390/08, 345/08 e 378/08), peso da parte aerea sem a cepa (94/08 e 272/08) e (390/08, 406/08, 390/08, 378/08 e 341/08), porcentagem de amido nas raizes (26/08, 272/08, 259/08 e 450/08) e (378/08, 413/08, 390/08 e a testemunha IAC 576-70), produtividade de raizes (215/08) e (testemunha IAC 576-70, 341/08, 406/08, 390/08 e 387/08). Com relacao ao tempo de coccao na safra 2011/2012, todos os clones necessitaram de tempo inferior a 30 minutos. Em relacao ao teor de carotenoides totais nas raizes os clones de amarelada que se destacaram foram 91/08, 94/08, 215/08, 246/08, 272/08 e 497/08, e, naqueles de raizes rosada, os clones 406/08 e 341/08. Em relacao ao teor de proteinas nas raizes amarelada, os clones 26/08, 90/08 e 91/08, foram os melhores enquanto nas raizes rosada se destacaram os clones 406/08 e a testemunha IAC 576-70. Os teores de HCN nas raizes de reserva de mandioca foram inferiores a 100 mg kg-1 em todos os clones avaliados. Diferencas significativas entre clones de mandioca de polpas amarelada e rosada foram verificadas para todas as caracteristicas agronomicas, morfologicas e bioquimicas avaliadas. Os clones tiveram bom desempenho nas avaliacoes para o cultivo comercial na regiao do Cerrado e, alguns destes, tem potencial para utilizacao no melhoramento visando o incremento de carotenoides. ABSTRACT: Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is considered a relevant species as a food source for the world's population, particularly for developing and emerging countries. The cassava is a provider of energy from starch accumulated in their reserve roots, but it is also important to highlight the presence of carotenoids with antioxidant activity. In this context, this study aimed to characterize, using morphological, agronomic and biochemical, descriptors elite clones from sweet cassava of yellowish and pinkish pulps from the cassava breeding program at Embrapa Cerrados. They were characterized for two crops, 13 edible cassava clones with yellowish pulp and 8 clones with pinkish pulp, compared with the control variety IAC 576-70 (BGMC 753). To evaluate the morphological characteristics were obtained 40 qualitative descriptors for each clone. Both clones the yellowish pulp as those the roots the pinkish pulp, there was morphological differences among clones, showing that no clone showed 100% similarity. The year / crop factor did not influence the phenotypic expression of measured characters. Based on cofenetic coefficient, was found high fit between the graphical representation via dendrogram of r = 0.80 in the roots of yellowish pulp and r = 0.92 in the pinkish of genetic dissimilarity matrix. Among the measured characters, those with the highest entropy in the yellowish roots were, the color of the outer epidermis, the central lobe shape of the leaf and root cortex color, whereas the pinkish was the color to disc, central lobe shape and petiole color. We also performed the characterization based on plant height, the first branch point, and shoot weight without strain, productivity in roots, and index of starch in the roots determines by the method of hydrostatic balance, time for cooking and acid cyanide content in the roots. Based on the evaluated characters, clones stood out with pulps yellowish and pinkish respectively, characters height of the first branch (273/08 and 259/08) and (390/08, 345/08 and the witness IAC 576-70), plant height (90 / 08, 272/08, 273/08, 497/08, 259/08 and 450/08) and (390/08, 345/08 and 378/08), shoot weight without strain (94/08 and 272/08) and (390/08, 406/08, 390/08, 378/08 and 341/08), percentage of starch in the roots (26/08, 272/08, 259/08 and 450/08) and (378/08, 413/08, 390/08 and the witness IAC 576-70), roots of productivity (215/08) and (witnesses IAC 576-70, 341/08, 406/08, 390/08 and 387/08). Regarding the cooking time in the 2011/2012 harvest, all clones showed time less than 30 minutes. Regarding the total carotenoid content in the pulps clones of yellowish roots that stood out were 91/08, 94/08, 215/08, 246/08, 272/08 and 497/08, and, those the clones with pulp pinkish 406/08 and 341/08. Regarding the protein content in yellowish roots the clones 26/08, 90/08 and 91/08, was the best while the pinkish roots highlight clones 406/08 and witness IAC 576-70. The levels of HCN in reserve roots of cassava were less than 100 mg kg-1em all evaluated clones. Significant differences between yellowish and pinkish of pulps cassava clones were checked for all agronomic, morphological and biochemical characteristics evaluated. The clones had well in the ratings for commercial cultivation in the Cerrado region and some of these, clones has potential for use in breeding aimed at increase of carotenoids.

Caracteres morfo-agronômicos e bioquímicos de clones elite de mandioca de mesa com raízes de polpas amarelada e rosada