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Cinchona officinalis L., is an endemic species of the Loja Valley in the Southern Region of the country, was considered as one of the main economically important forest products from the medicinal point of view. In the eighteenth century until the nineteenth century, due to over-exploitation, commercialization and the alteration of its ecosystem, the populations of Cinchona officinalis L., were threatened; currently, the natural regeneration of the populations is low, although isolated individuals can still be found in paddocks, forming small wooded relicts, located on steep slopes. Through the use of alternative methodologies (biotechnological processes), the cultivation of plant tissues is a tool that can provide a solution to natural and induced problems presented by some forest species, through the in vitro culture technique, tissues can be spread on a large scale and increase the number of plants in less time; as well as conserve phytogenetic resources that present difficulties to spread and stay in their natural environment. In this context, the propagation of Cinchona officinalis L. was performed with the purpose of generating information on in vitro germination and callus induction, from vitroplantas of Cinchona officinalis L., for conservation purposes. The present investigation was developed in the Plant Micropropagation Laboratory of the National University of Loja, as part of the framework project "Identification and description of the current status of Cinchona officinalis L., in the province of Loja and generation of protocols for in vivo and in vitro propagation." For the phase of implantation (disinfection and germination), callus induction phase and embryo induction phase, the MS basal culture medium was used (Murashige and Skoog, 1962), by adding different growth regulators. For the seed disinfection test, 50% sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and 2% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were applied in two immersion times (5 and 10 minutes), where 50% NaClO and 2% H2O2 were used during 5 and 10 minutes respectively, efficiently controlled contamination (0.0%). On the other hand, the effect of disinfection with 50% NaClO and 2% H2O2 during 5 minutes, plus the addition of 1.0 mg / l of AG3 to the MS liquid, was effective on the germination percentage of Cinchona officinalis L. seeds, obtaining results of germination of 86.67% and 80% respectively. For the callus induction phase starting from nodal segments of Cinchona officinalis L., the explants were cultured in solid MS medium, supplemented with auxins and cytokinins in different concentrations: 2, 4-D in concentrations of 1.0; 2.0 and 3 mg / l, and BAP in a concentration of 0.5 mg / l. It was observed that the combination of two substances of growth regulators is necessary to obtain better percentages of callus formation. So, with the use of auxins only, 51.67% callus formation was obtained with a concentration of 1 mg / l of 2.4-D (T1). Combining auxins and cytokinins turned out to be the most effective, obtaining 65, 00% of callus formation with the combination of 1.0 mg / l 2,4-D + 0.5 mg / l BAP (T4); the results depended on the concentration of auxin / cytokinin employed. For the induction of embryos phase starting from callus of Cinchona officinalis L., the calluses were cultured in solid MS medium supplemented with auxins and cytokinins in different concentrations: 2, 4-D at a concentration of 1.0 mg / l, and KIN in a concentration of 0.5 mg / l. It was observed that the combination of growth regulating substances is necessary to obtain better percentages of embryo formation. Therefore, when the calluses were cultured in MS without hormones (T1), the formation of embryos was 15.00%. When auxins (2, 4-D) were added in a concentration of 0.1 mg / l, the formation of embryos was 17.00% (T2). By combining auxins and cytokinins turned out to be the most effective, obtaining 28.33% of formation of embryo with the combination of 1 mg / l 2,4-D + 0.5 mg% KIN (T3). Key words: Cinchona officinalis L., disinfection, in vitro germination, callus, embryos.

tzhoecoen

PROCESOS BIOTECNOLÓGICOS PARA LA INDUCCIÓN DE CALLOS A PARTIR DE VITROPLANTAS DE Cinchona officinalis L., A NIVEL DE LABORATORIO EN LA PROVINCIA DE LOJA, ECUADOR