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Trauma is the leading cause of death for individuals under 45 years of age in the Western world and remains the fourth leading cause of death for all ages combined (1,2,3,4). Approximately 0.9 million people worldwide die secondarily to injury (8% of all deaths) (5). It is also a major cause of morbidity in both the short and long-term (6). Furthermore, injury is a leading cause of disability, potential years of life lost and a major contributor to overall health care costs (7,8,9). It is estimated that injury causes 36 life-years lost per death compared to 16 life-years for cancer and 12 years for heart disease and stroke combined (10). In 1994, 8,687 people died following accidents in Canada (1). Approximately four times as many patients suffer severe disability related to accidents each year. The cost of acute medical care for injured patients is in excess of $16 billion per annum (11). This represents the second largest source of medical expenditures in the United States. In addition to the health dollars spent on the acute care of injured patients, an additional $150 billion US are required to cover the annual cost due to death, disability, and lost wages and taxes (9). From a health-economic perspective, the cost of trauma and its consequences makes the elucidation of evidence-based practices paramount. Trauma care systems have been shown to significantly decrease medical care costs. It is estimated that by extending trauma care systems throughout the entire United States, annual medical care payments could be lowered by $3.2 billion (12). If productivity costs due to premature death are taken into account, the total savings could total $10.3 billion.

The Evidence Supporting a Systematic Approach to the Care of the Injured Patient:From Prevention to Rehabilitation