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Effects of bovine maternal nutrient restriction on offspring microRNA and mRNA expression and muscle fiber type by Nikole E. Ineck, Master of Science Utah State University, 2020 Major Professor: Dr. Kara Thornton-Kurth Department: Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences Spring calving cows raised in certain parts of the US often experience a midgestation nutrient restriction due to seasonal changes in forage availability and nutrient composition. However, little is currently known about the effects this has on growth of the resultant offspring. We investigated whether calves from cows restricted during midgestation differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNA) affiliated with myogenesis and adipogenesis and their messengerRNA (mRNA) targets. We also analyzed expression of MRNA for the various myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms as a measure of possible impact on muscle fiber type. Cows were bred by the same sire, stratified by weight (P=0.80) and allocated to one of two treatments: maintenance (n=16) or restricted (n=18). Restricted cows received lower forage biomass (1662 kg/ha, dry matter (DM)) compared to maintenance (2309 kg/ha, DM) during the second trimester, and the restricted cows had BCS 1.55 lower (P=0.001) than maintenance cows and weight difference of 188 kg (P = 0.02) at the end of the second trimester. All cows were comingled for the third iv trimester with saw no significant difference in BCS by the end (P<0.05). Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected from calves at weaning, beginning of the feedlot, and harvest. Compared to offspring from maintenance cows, offspring of restricted cows expressed more (P < 0.05) miR-133a, -133b, -181d, -214, -424 and -486 in their longissimus lumborum (LD) at weaning; more (P < 0.05) miR-133a, -133b, -206 -214, -424 and -486 in their biceps femoris (BF) at the beginning of the feedlot phase; and more (P < 0.05) miR-133a and less (P < 0.01) miR-486 in the LD at harvest. No differences (P ≥ 0.27) were observed in expression of Pax3, Pax7, Cdc25A, MamL1, Ezh2, IGF-1R or the mRNAs for MHC within muscles due to treatment or sampling time. These data demonstrate that a nutritional insult during mid-gestation can alter postnatal expression miRNA in skeletal muscle of offspring, but more research is needed to determine the effect this has on phenotype and skeletal muscle growth. (91 pages)

Effects of Bovine Maternal Nutrient Restriction on Offspring MicroRNA and mRNA Expression and Muscle Fiber Type