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We present the Phase A Science Case for the Multi-conjugate Adaptive-opticsVisible Imager-Spectrograph (MAVIS), planned for the Adaptive Optics Facility(AOF) of the Very Large Telescope (VLT). MAVIS is a general-purpose instrumentfor exploiting the highest possible angular resolution of any single opticaltelescope available in the next decade, either on Earth or in space, and withsensitivity comparable to (or better than) larger aperture facilities. MAVISuses two deformable mirrors in addition to the deformable secondary mirror ofthe AOF, providing a mean V-band Strehl ratio of >10% (goal >15%) across arelatively large (30 arc second) science field. This equates to a resolution of<20mas at 550nm - comparable to the K-band diffraction limit of the nextgeneration of extremely large telescopes, making MAVIS a genuine opticalcounterpart to future IR-optimised facilities like JWST and the ELT. Moreover,MAVIS will have unprecedented sky coverage for a high-order AO system,accessing at least 50% of the sky at the Galactic Pole, making MAVIS a trulygeneral purpose facility instrument. As such, MAVIS will have both aNyquist-sampled imager (30x30 arcsec field), and a powerful integral fieldspectrograph with multiple spatial and spectral modes spanning 370-1000nm. Thisscience case presents a distilled set of thematically linked science casesdrawn from the MAVIS White Papers (www.mavis-ao.org/whitepapers), selected toillustrate the driving requirements of the instrument resulting from the recentMAVIS Phase A study.

Phase A Science Case for MAVIS -- The Multi-conjugate Adaptive-optics Visible Imager-Spectrograph for the VLT Adaptive Optics Facility