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During the forming stage in the RTM process, deformations and orientations of yarns at the mesoscopic scale are essential to evaluate mechanical behaviors of final composite products and calculate the permeability of the reinforcement. However, due to the high computational cost, it is very difficult to carry out a mesoscopic draping simulation for the entire reinforcement. In this paper, a macro-meso scale simulation of composite reinforcements is presented in order to predict mesoscopic deformations of the fabric in a reasonable calculation time. The proposed multi-scale method allows linking the macroscopic simulation of the reinforcement with the mesoscopic modelling of the RVE through a macromeso embedded analysis. On the base of macroscopic simulations using a hyperelastic constitutive law of the reinforcement, an embedded mesoscopic geometry is first deduced from the macroscopic simulation of the draping. To overcome the inconvenience of the macro-meso embedded solution which leads to unreal excessive yarn extensions, local mesoscopic simulations based on the embedded analysis are carried out on a single RVE by defining specific boundary conditions. Finally, the multi-scale forming simulations are investigated in comparison with the experimental results, illustrating the efficiency of the proposed approach, in terms of accuracy and CPU time.

Macro-meso scale simulations of 3D woven composite reinforcements during the forming process