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Arthroscopic diagnosis is often desirable for certain diseses of the temporomandibular joint (hereafter referred to as TMJ), but so far arthroscopy of this joint has not been commonly performed. Arthroscopy was originally attempted by Takagi (1918) and his cumulative results were reported in 1939 (Takagi). Basic studies for arthrocopy were undertaken in human cadavers earlier by Burman (1931) and later by lino (1939), but these investigators did not include the TMJ in their studies. Arthroscopy of the TMJ was apparently first attempted by Ohnishi (1975) using the Watanabe No. 24 arthroscope (Olympus Selfoscope) which was developed in 1970 by Watanabe. A few studies on arthrascopy and/or arthroscopic anatomical features have been reported in Japan. In order to describe arthroscopic findings of the TMJ, it became necessary to establish clinically usable and meaningful arthroscopic terminology compatible with their corresponding regional anatomical nomenclature. However, the current anatomical nomenclature (Nomina Anatomica, 1977) is insufficient to cover all the nomenclature necessary for this purpose. Moreover, no detailed studies of intra-articular features of the TMJ have apparently been made either gross anatomically or arthroscopically in human. Therefore, the present study using human TMJs was undertaken and gross anatomical nomenclature and arthroscopic clinical terminology in the TMJ was proposed in this paper.

Regional Anatomical Nomenclature and Arthroscopic Terminology in Human Temporomandibular Joints