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As Aristotle already knew, the elephant has no gall bladder.Instead, in the duodenum of this animal Camper (1374, 1802) found a large intramural pouch which connects with the bile and pancreatic ducts on the one hand and, on the other, opens into the duodenal canal with a big papilla. A brief macroscopic description of this pouch was later made by Owen (1868) and by M i a 11 and G r e e nw ood (1878). Several years ago we had an opportunity to dissect a female Indian elephant (S h i m i z u et al. 1960) and the macroas well as microscopic structure of the duodenal pouch was cixamined. The interior of the pouch was equipped with large 'folds which were covered with a thick layer of tubulo-alveolar glands. It was thus concluded that the organ represented not only a cavity to pool the bile and pancreatic juices as hitherto believed, but also a gland of active secretion. Our findings on the position of the sphincter muscles of the pouch differed considerably from that of previous authors. Owen (1868) and M i a 11 and Greenwood (1878) recognized a sphincter: in the duodenal papilla, while we found one at the pouring site of the pancreatic duct and another at that of the bile duct ; the papilla was supplied with no sphincter muscle. Furthermore a problem remained, as we found no accessory pancreatic duct in spite of the existence of an accessory papilla. These problems seemed to be

The Intramural Pouch in the Duodenum of the Indian Elephant: A Macro- and Microscopic Study of Six Cases