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The material exchanges between the nucleus and the cytoplasm were studied in the early days of cytology. And the center of discussion was the nucleolus, which in its staining properties resembled some of the cytoplasmic components, and in some cases appeared indeed to be extruded into the cytoplasm. In the nineteen-fourties, Ca s p e r s s o n and his co-workers applied ultraviolet spectrophotometry in pursuing this problem and proposed the hypothesis that the nucleolus acts as a mediator in the expression of chromosomal control of cytoplasmic synthesis. Stimulat6d by such an opinion by C a s p e r s s o n, the interest concerning the function of the nucleolus has been further enhanced, and the behavior of the nucleolus came to draw wider attention. Hy dên (1947, 1952) and Ku hl e nk amp ff (1951) reported that when the function of the nerve cells is stimulated, the Nissl bodies are interrupted and the nucleolus takes part in supplemeting the cytoplasmic nucleotides lost by the interruption. Her t1 (1957) propounded in his reprot the opinion that the nucleotides of the chromatolytic cytoplasm are probably supplied by the nucleoli. Then, how does the nucleolus act in compensating for the lost cytoplasmic nucleotides? C a s p e r s son and Hy d en say that nucleolar protein containing ribonucleic acid is transferred to the part near the nuclear membrane and at the same time, the cytoplasmic ribonucleic acid is enriched in the surface area of the nucleus in the cytoplasm. On the other hand, Altmann (1952) demonstrated experimentally that the nucleolar substance is extruded directly into the cytoplasm, using pancreatic cells. The author of this paper frequently observed extrusion of nucleoli and their contents into the cytoplasm during the chromatolytic change

Morphology of the extrusion of the nucleoli and their contents into the cytoplasm in chromatolysis