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The motor nuclei of the cerebral nerves in fishes have been examined by Black ('17) in Cyclosteomi, Selachii, Ganoidei and Teleostei. Furthermore, the visceral afferent areas associated with the facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves, and their fiber connections, have been phylogenetically analyzed by Barnard ('36). As accurately described by Herrick ('06, '07), the centers for taste and touch in the medulla oblongata of fishes are generally distinguished into four zones, such as somatic motor, visceral motor and visceral sensory and somatic sensory. Between these somatic and visceral centers, there is one of the most striking features of the medulla oblongata as observed by Herr i c k. The differentiation of these elements, however, is unlike in various species, although the basic arrangement is the same. For example : Cyprinus carpio, where the gustatory system is feebly developed and the tactile system is strong ; Ameiurus, which exhibits a high development of both gustatory and tactile centers ; and Prionotus carolins, where the gustatory system is moderately developed and the spinal tactile system is greatly enlarged (see Herr i c k, '06, p. 404). The interrelation of the spinal cord and region of the funicular nuclei of

Contributions to the neurobiological study on the visceral and somatic centers and its connections in the medulla oblongata of teleosts