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In the development of the human mandible, the process of bone calcification, distribution and expression of tenascin-C and -X in the mental symphyseal region are unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of these extracellular matrices in the connective tissue around calcified tissues located on the mental symphyseal region of the human fetus during development through histological and radiographical studies. The radiographic density increased from 16 weeks to 24 weeks gestation in all examined regions; in contrast, the diameter of muscle fiber in the suprahyoid muscles (digastric anterior and geniohyoid muscles) inserted into the inner mental symphyseal region increased from 24 weeks gestation. The extracellular matrices (tenascin) were shown to have a different distribution in the mental symphyseal region of the human fetus at each stage. These different distributions of tenascin-C and -X were found around the epithelium and the endomysium of the mental symphyseal region, and affect the specific formation of the mandible during ossification with hyoid muscle development in human fetus.

Distribution of Tenascin-C and -X, and Soft X-ray Analysis of the Mandibular Symphysis during Mandible Formation in the Human Fetus