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A numerical model is introduced to investigate both global and local ice-induced loads on ship hulls in first-year ridged ice fields. Probabilistic ice fields are generated according to the statistical distributions of ridge height and spacing. Based on a semi-empirical method, the cycles of contact, crushing, and bending constitute continuous icebreaking processes by which a numerical model of ship–ice interaction in level ice and consolidated layer in ice ridges can be developed. The ridge keel is regarded as a floating, homogeneous and isotropic granular solid. Keel resistance can be predicted based on ideas borrowed from soil mechanics: the bow component is calculated as an integral of resistance per unit width with a modified Rankine’s plasticity model, including consideration of the effect of ship movement and inertia force of ice accumulation in front of ship bow. The computation in this simulation is time-saving compared to DEM model used to simulate ship and ridge keel interaction in recent years. The numerical global and local ice loads are discussed through results of a case study conducted in a series of different ice conditions. Ship performance and statistics of ice-induced frame loads are analyzed. Comparisons are made of the simulated results against published results of model tests and field measurements in ridged ice fields.

Numerical Study of Ice Loads on Ship Hulls in Ridged Ice Fields