English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

730 Introduction The groundwater pollution has become critical in recent years due to agricultural over application of fertilizers, various salts to increase crop production. The ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate can serve as examples of such fertilizers. Excess concentrations of nitrates in groundwater can result in the shifts in its mineral composition, can replace chloride ions from their sodium salts and reduce the concentration of calcium ions. There are a number of reports devoted to negative effects produced by nitrate intoxication on the functioning of antioxidant enzymes that intensifies the processes of peroxidation of biological polymers [1, 2]. Another, not less dangerous, the pollutant of water resources is fluorine. Fluoride can enter groundwater with mineral compounds or wastes, formed during aluminum production or various types of steel. Fluoride ions, like nitrate ions, can enhance the processes of lipid peroxidation and reduce the activity of antioxidant enzymes [3-6]. Ukraine has some areas with a high content of fluoride in ground water. Poltava, Lviv and Kirovograd regions can be classified as such areas also known as the most promising from the point of view of intensive agriculture. Accordingly, in these areas, there is the possibility of simultaneous effects produced by two potentially dangerous factors ‒ nitrates and fluorides ‒ on the humans and animals. An intake of excessive amounts of nitrates and fluorides with water primarily affects the metabolic processes in the gastric mucosa. In our previous works, we investigated changes in the functioning of the nitric oxide cycle that enabled us to establish a decrease in the peroxynitrite pool under nitrate intoxication and its increase under combined nitratefluoride intoxication [7]. Peroxynitrite (ONOO-) is considered to be a major agent leading to nitrosylation of proteins and increase in lipid peroxidation. Peroxynitrite is formed under physiological conditions during inflammatory process in order to provide the body with antimicrobial protection. There is little information available on sources of ONOOproduction in rats’ gastric mucosa during combined excessive intake of both fluorides and nitrates. The aim of the research is to study influence of combined nitrate-fluoride intoxication on the production of ONOOand superoxide anion radical (O2 •-) in gastric mucosa of rats.

SUPEROXIDE AND PEROXYNITRITE PRODUCTION IN GASTRIC MUCOSA OF RATS UNDER COMBINED NITRATE-FLUORIDE INTOXICATION