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Resumen: Los modelos mentales de los estudiantes proporcionan informacion valiosa sobre sus marcos conceptuales, es decir, sus estructuras de conocimiento subyacentes que pueden ayudar a mejorar el diseno de actividades de aprendizaje en el aula. Este trabajo investiga los modelos mentales de 153 estudiantes de secundaria obligatoria de entre 13 y 15 anos sobre la transformacion de la leche en yogur y propone un modelo escolar. Los datos se recogieron con dos tareas que demandaban explicar esta transformacion a traves de respuestas verbales y dibujos. A partir de las respuestas de los alumnos se identificaron siete modelos mentales, de los cuales cuatro (la fermentacion es un proceso mecanico, implica un aumento en el numero de bacterias, consiste en una mezcla macroscopica, y las bacterias como aglutinante de moleculas) deben considerarse como una aportacion de este trabajo, al no haber sido identificados en estudios previos en esta etapa educativa. No obstante, los modelos estan aun muy alejados del modelo escolar de fermentacion lactica, por lo que se plantea la necesidad de recurrir a nuevas estrategias didacticas para avanzar en su progresion. Palabras clave: modelos mentales; transformacion de la leche en yogur; educacion secundaria. Secondary students’ mental models about milk transformation into yogurt Abstract: The students’ mental models provide valuable information about their conceptual frameworks, that is, their underlying structures of knowledge that can help improve the design of the learning activities in class. This paper investigates the mental models of 153 secondary students aged 13 to 15, on the milk transformation into yogurt and a teaching model is proposed. The data were collected with two tasks that demanded to explain this transformation through verbal answers and drawings. Based on the students’ responses, seven different mental models were identified, of which four (the fermentation is a mechanical process, implies an increase in the number of bacteria, it consists of a mixture, and the bacteria as a binder of molecules) must be regarded as a contribution of this work to not have been identified in previous studies in this educational stage. However, the models are still very far from the lactic fermentation school model, and new didactic strategies should be tried to move forward in their progression. Keywords: mental models; milk transformation into yogurt; secondary education.

Modelos mentales de estudiantes de educación secundaria sobre la transformación de la leche en yogur