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En las zonas aridas de Argentina, los bosques de Prosopis flexuosa son de suma importancia porque protegen el suelo en areas con riesgo elevado de desertificacion, y porque ofrecen diversos recursos a los pobladores locales (e.g., lena, forraje y productos alimenticios derivados de sus frutos). La actividad antropica ha tenido un fuerte impacto sobre estos bosques, en especial desde la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. Por lo tanto, conocer su distribucion potencial y compararla la distribucion actual permitira definir zonas prioritarias para la conservacion y proponer posibles areas de reforestacion. El objetivo de esta investigacion fue generar un modelo de distribucion potencial de los bosques de P. flexuosa en la Provincia Biogeografica del Monte. Para obtener el mapa modelo se utilizo el software Maxent, tomando como datos los registros georeferenciados de presencia de bosques de P. flexuosa y de variables ambientales relevantes para la distribucion de muchas especies (variables climaticas, subordenes de suelos y profundidad de napa freatica). En general, el mapa de distribucion potencial resultante concuerda con la ubicacion de los principales valles, bolsones y llanuras del Monte, en donde se conoce la existencia actual de los bosques de P. flexuosa. Sin embargo, las superficies y los limites de los bosques estimados y los observados difieren en algunos casos, lo que se relacionaria con disturbios antropicos y/o con otras variables no consideradas en el modelo, como la probabilidad de incendios. AbstractIn arid areas of Argentina, Prosopis flexuosa woodlands are of foremost importance since they are thought to protect the soil against erosion in a region with a high risk of desertification, and because they offer several resources to local inhabitants, such as firewood, forage for cattle, and food products derived from its fruit. These woodlands have been strongly impacted by human activities, mainly during the first half of the XIXth century. Knowledge about their potential distribution, as well as a comparison between potential and actual distributions, would allow priority areas for conservation and possible areas for reforestation to be defined. The aim of this work was to generate a model of the potential distribution of P. flexuosa woodland within a region of arid shrublands in central Argentina, known as the Monte desert. Maxent software was used to generate the distribution models. The sofware uses as input a set of georeferenced data of the presence of P. flexuosa woodland, and of those relevant for the distribution of species (e.g., climatic, altitude, slope, aspect, soil and water table depth). The resulting potential distribution model generally coincided with the main valleys, depressions and plains of the region, where P. flexuosa woodland are known to exist currently. However, area and limits of observed and estimated woodland patches differ in some cases, which could be related with anthropogenic disturbances in some of the patches or with variables not included in the model, such as the probability of wildfires.

Distribución potencial de los bosques de Prosopis flexuosa en la Provincia Biogeográfica del Monte (Argentina)