English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Zendy Plus

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Zendy Tools

Zendy Open

Roberts Bartholow’s infamous experiment to map functional areas of the human brain in an awake patient in the year 1874 generated not only a lot of controversy among his contemporaries but also resulted in grand mal seizures in the unsuspecting patient Ms. Mary Rafferty. She had, what was termed as an epithelioma that had eroded her skull and exposed dura and brain over a period of 13 months.[1] Awake craniotomies in a sense were widely practiced before the introduction of general anesthesia. Awake craniotomy can be defined as an intracranial surgical procedure where the patient is deliberately awake for a portion of the surgery, usually for mapping and resection of the lesion. Pioneering work on cerebral localization included many names such as Otfrid Foerster and later Wilder Penfield.[14] e procedure fell out of favor only to experience a resurgence with awake mapping techniques introduced by George Ojemann.[2] Conventional glioma surgery is expensive in terms of cost of the equipment, disposables, human resource, etc., as well as the associated length of hospital stay. is still does not include the cost of the expensive imaging required for each glioma case, both before, sometimes during, and after the surgery. e need of sophisticated stereotactic navigation may be beneficial for a greater extent of resection, especially in eloquent locations, which further balloons prohibitive costs in low and middle income countries (LMICs) as the navigation not only requires an investment in the equipment but also requires additional imaging for every patient.[11] Intraoperative ultrasound and MRI are other modalities that have been shown to improve resection, but require substantial expenditure.[10]

Can awake glioma surgery be the new standard of care in developing countries?