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An enclosed artificial lighting plant factory is able to strictly control the environmental conditions for plant cultivation. Therefore, it enables stable production regardless of weather conditions and production of clean vegetables that do not need to be washed before eating. In order to operate an enclosed artificial lighting plant factory economically, it is necessary to produce plants with high profitability, such as medicinal plants with scarcity value in domestic. Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don is an important medicinal plant that produces some dimeric indole alkaloids including vinblastine and vincristine, which have been used as anti-cancer drugs (Carter and Livingston, 1976). Vinorelbine, vindesine, and vinflunine, which were developed as new drugs based on the structure of vinblastine, have been used in the same way as vinblastine and vincristine (Roepke et al., 2010). However, these drugs are very expensive because vinblastine and vincristine concentrations in the leaves of C. roseus are 0.01 and 0.0003% in the dry leaves, respectively (Guéritte and Fahy, 2005). Therefore, these drugs have been semi-synthesized via enzymatic or non-enzymatic coupling of vindoline (VDL) and catharanthine (CAT), which are biosynthetic monomeric precursors that are abundant in C. roseus plants (Hirata et al., 1999). Since the production of C. roseus may be decreased by climatic variation, the continuous supply of these drugs is not guaranteed. In order to stably supply these drugs, C. roseus should be produced quality and quantity stably. However, C. roseus is an annual plant and cannot survive the winter in Japan. Thus, it is necessary to cultivate C. roseus in an enclosed artificial lighting plant factory. To date, we have investigated the light environment that would increase VDL and CAT concentrations of C. roseus grown in an enclosed artificial lighting plant factory. Ohashi-Kaneko et al. (2013 ab) reported that irradiating red light at a PPFD of 150 mol m 2 s 1 using red LEDs was more effective than white fluorescent lampbased white light for increasing the VDL and CAT concentrations, not only in the youngest fully expanded leaves, but also in the total leaves in C. roseus plant. Fukuyama et al. (2013) reported that the yields of VDL and CAT in C. roseus grown under red light tended to be higher than those in plants grown under blue light, a mixture of red and blue light (red / blue light photosynthetic photon flux intensity [PPFD] ratio was 2/1), and white fluorescent lamp-based white light. These results showed that VDL and CAT productions were improved in C. roseus grown under red light alone. However, the optimum red light intensity, which would increase VDL and CAT yields, has not yet been investigated. In this study, we cultivated C. roseus under different light intensity of red light alone, and then investigated plant growth and the concentrations of VDL and CAT.

environment control in biology

Estimation of Optimal Red Light Intensity for Production of the Pharmaceutical Drug Components, Vindoline and Catharanthine, Contained in &lt;i&gt;Catharanthus roseus&lt;/i&gt; (L.) G. Don